Astana

Astana is Kazakhstan's capital and a modern city built on the vast northern steppe, known for its futuristic skyline and ambitious architecture. It replaced Almaty as the national capital in 1997 and has since grown into a compact, purpose-built administrative centre along the Esil River.

The city's history is short but layered. It began as a small frontier settlement in the 19th century and later developed under different names before becoming the capital. Following the move from Almaty, international architects helped shape its landmark district, and the city was briefly renamed Nur-Sultan between 2019 and 2022 before returning to Astana.

Landmarks such as the Bayterek Tower, Khan Shatyr and the pyramid-shaped Palace of Peace and Reconciliation define the central skyline. The Nurzhol Boulevard links key sights, while the National Museum of Kazakhstan, Hazrat Sultan Mosque and the Expo 2017 site with the Nur-Alem sphere add depth to the city's cultural offering.

Modern government buildings and the Astana International Financial Centre sit mainly on the left bank of the Esil, while older neighbourhoods and markets on the right bank offer a more traditional atmosphere. The city hosts major conferences, forums and events, and its restaurants serve both Kazakh dishes and international cuisine.

Astana's climate brings hot summers and very cold winters, so seasonal planning matters for visitors. Its combination of political importance, modern infrastructure and distinctive architecture makes it relevant for business travellers and leisure visitors alike.