Alexandria

Alexandria is Egypt's main Mediterranean port and second-largest city, stretching along the coast west of the Nile Delta. Founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BC, it blends a long Greek, Roman and Islamic past with a modern waterfront, busy harbour and distinctive coastal character.

Landmarks trace the city's layered history. The Citadel of Qaitbay stands on the site of the ancient Pharos lighthouse, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, while the Catacombs of Kom el Shoqafa, Pompey's Pillar and the Roman Amphitheatre at Kom el Dikka reveal Alexandria's classical heritage. The Bibliotheca Alexandrina revives the idea of the ancient library as a major cultural centre.

Central districts such as Anfushi, Mansheya and Raml Station contain historic mosques, markets, cafés and early 20th-century buildings, while the Corniche runs for many kilometres past beaches and modern neighbourhoods such as Gleem, San Stefano and Montazah with its palace gardens.

Alexandria remains a major commercial centre, with Egypt's largest seaport, shipping and industrial activity, plus growing conference and business importance. Its seafood restaurants, fish markets and cafés reflect a strong Mediterranean food culture.

For visitors, Alexandria offers a compact alternative to Cairo: ancient monuments, a lively seafront, coastal leisure and a working Mediterranean identity that appeals to both leisure and business travellers.